With this, the Savoy duchy, the republic of Venice, the republic of Florence were established on vast regional bases. Even the Visconti duchy, also locked up between Savoy and Venice, shrunken in the territory, nevertheless has the conditions for a life of its own. It is smaller than the Savoy duchy and the territory of Venice; but it possesses centrality, homogeneity, compactness which are as many elements of equilibrium. In the same years, the…
Read MoreItaly History – Consolidation of Territorial States Part II
But on Zara the Crown of St. Stephen, that is Sigismondo king of Hungary, boasted rights. Who in 1410 also became king of the Romans. And as such, he had titles to assert on Istria, already part of the patriarchate and passed to Venice; he could claim the cities that Scaligeri and Carraresi had kept as imperial vicariates, before Venice took them. He also intervened in the disagreement of Friuli, favoring the anti-Venetian side,…
Read MoreItaly History – Consolidation of Territorial States Part I
The century XIV is full of attempts at vast lordships, no longer limited to cities, and not even to the neighboring region. Frequent efforts, from Milan or Verona, to cross the Po and cross the Apennines: not to mention the vast influence, dominated in many places, by Robert of Anjou from the south. And all this, no longer on the basis of the ancient juridical title of king of Italy, but on new…
Read MoreItaly Figurative Arts Part IV
No monument of the great Carolingian sculpture has come down to us, none of the bas-reliefs that according to a contemporary poet represented in the palace of Ingelheim the most notable facts of ancient history and the wars of Charles Martel, Pepin and Charlemagne. Therefore, it is not possible to measure in its extension the civil movement of the Carolingian time towards the ancient, towards Rome. The name of Rome runs on…
Read MoreItaly Figurative Arts Part III
In the meantime, similar forms take place in Ravenna, in full dominion of Byzantium, in the lunettes of the mausoleum of Galla Placidia and in the Baptistery of the Orthodox (449-459). In the mosaics of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo (mid-6th century), the Roman spirit no longer dominates, and Byzantinism infiltrates the vague indolent lines of the “procession of the Virgins”. Not the nocturnal lights of the mausoleum of Galla Placidia, not the gentle melody…
Read MoreItaly Figurative Arts Part II
The art of architecture had fallen into disuse after the transfer of the imperial seat to Constantinople, so many public monuments remained deserted, and the faculty of building new ones was taken away from the Roman prefect. And Rome became immense, without borders, due to the thinned out inert population, laughing death. The columns generally bore a Corinthian capital of decayed shapes, with narrow volutes, the leaves attached to the edge…
Read MoreItaly Figurative Arts Part I
The art that expanded in Rome, lavishing Hellenistic elegance in the palaces, temples, basilicas, baths, went underground, in the cemeteries of the martyrs and of Christ’s faithful, and wore humble robes. It was always the same art that appeared of marbles and bronzes, of a people of statues, the sumptuous world of Rome; but in the dark galleries of the catacombs, in the darkness of the cubicles, among the funeral parlors, art…
Read MoreGreece Religion – From the Persian Wars to Alexander
The Persian wars came to strengthen the spirit of the Olympic religion, of the religion of the polis. In the hour of danger, the religious life of the state became more intense, as the state was threatened. The gods protected men as in the time of the Trojan war; and with men they too won: the polyiad divinities, which were also the Homeric ones, won. All the ancient tradition was…
Read MoreAncient Greek
Historical development The set of various languages indicated by the name of the Greek language (fig. 3) belongs to the Indo-European language family. The first direct documentation is epigraphic (linear B; ➔ linear) and dates back to the 16th and 15th centuries. BC The first literary documentation is found in the most ancient parts (perhaps 8th century) of the Iliad and the Odyssey ; but it is not a direct documentation, since we know the…
Read MoreGermany Arts and Architecture in the Second Half of the 20th Century
The architecture The most pressing problems of the post-war Germany were the rehabilitation of the cities and the planning of new urban districts. In the eastern Germany, urban planning policy, linked to the development of the national economy, began with the reconstruction law (1950) which provided for interventions in 53 cities destroyed by war. The urban centers of the most important cities were reorganized, the new residential districts of Rostock…
Read MoreSpain History – The Origins of Christianity Part 2
The acts of the synod of Elvira have a very great importance, because they allow us to clarify the characteristics of Spanish Christianity before the edict of Milan, characteristics on which the sad episode of Basilides of León and Martial of Mérida had already given a very good clue. significant. Alongside a part of the church perfectly aware of the duties incumbent on the Christian (the same severity of the…
Read MoreSpain History – The Origins of Christianity
The origins of Christianity in Spain are shrouded in a profound mystery around which the legend was pleased to weave its plots by fabling, according to a tradition that does not bring us back beyond the century. VIII, the arrival in Spain of the apostle St. James, who would have arrived there around 40. The tradition of a Spanish journey of St. Paul who, writing to the Romans, actually announced…
Read MoreLandmarks in Scotland
Castle Trail In addition to its breathtaking landscapes, Scotland is especially famous for its numerous small and large castles. A real highlight is the Castle Trail in the Aberdeenshire region in north-east Scotland. Along the only castle route in the entire country, which annually attracts thousands of locals and tourists from all over the world, there are a total of 17 fairy-tale castles, fortresses and fortresses in the middle of…
Read MoreTito’s Mountain Railway, Montenegro
Sveti Stefan Sveti Stefan is a 1.46 hectare island near Budva in Montenegro. The small island in the Adriatic is connected to the mainland by a short dam and is now home to a luxurious hotel resort. History of the island Sveti Stefan got its name from the eponymous church of the medieval fishing village on the island, which is dedicated to Saint Stefan. The architecture is designed to offer…
Read MoreMalta Geography and Culture
Geography According to bridgat, the island of Malta has a low plateau geography, the highest point reaching 239 m above sea level. Climate Its climate is the typical Mediterranean climate with humid and temperate winters and the summer for its part is hot and dry. The average temperature on the islands is 20º Celsius. Average rainfall levels for a year are 550 mm of rain. Demography The total population is 398,534 residents, in the Capital (Valletta) about 7,000 people live.…
Read MoreBest Travel Time for Belgium
Belgium lies in Western Europe and borders the North Sea as well as the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France. Belgium is a founding member of European Economic Community, today’s European Union (EU), whose main institution is based in its capital, Brussels. Together with the Netherlands and Luxembourg, the Kingdom of Belgium forms the association of the Benelux countries. Apart from the mountains of the Ardennes in the south-east, Belgium is…
Read MoreGreat Britain Education System Part II
Most drop outs drop out by the age of 15 or 16. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that puberty with all its effects on the psyche of a young person is in full swing at this point in time. For the most part, however, it is due to four letters that loom like a gigantic iceberg in front of every British adolescent of this age:…
Read MoreGreat Britain Education System Part I
The school and university system in Great Britain has been shaped by historical decentralization. Its current form goes back to the main features of the Educational Acts. General school attendance is compulsory from the age of 5 to 16, and attendance at nursery schools is voluntary. Private schools make up an important, if only small, part of the English school system. The education system of Britain’s primary (primary), secondary (secondary)…
Read MoreFamous Actors and Directors in U.K. Part VI
Michael Sheen (born 1969) film and stage actor. Michael Sheen was born in Newport in 1969 and trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. His important supporting role in the historical film “The Four Feathers” (2002) is particularly noteworthy. He also played a central role in Len Wiseman’s “Underworld” from 2003. In the same year Sheen also starred in the TV movie “The Deal”, where he attracted attention as…
Read MoreFamous Actors and Directors in U.K. Part V
Peter Mullan (born 1959) actor and director. Peter Mullan was born in Peterhead in 1959 and studied drama at the University of Glasgow. Mullan also had his first acting success with “Trainspotting – Neue Helden” (1996). This was later followed by roles in “My Name Is Joe” and “Harry Potter”. As a director, he convinced the jury of the Venice Film Festival with “The Merciless Sisters” (2002), for which he…
Read MoreFamous Actors and Directors in U.K. Part IV
Keira Knightley (born 1985) Keira Christina Knightley was born in 1985 in Teddington and is now one of the great Hollywood actresses who receive the most fees. Her mother is a writer and her father is also an actor. Knightley’s breakthrough helped her roles in “Pirates of the Caribbean” (2003), “Pride and Prejudice” (2005) and “London Boulevard” (2010). She is also the advertising face for the Coco Mademoiselle perfume. Hugh…
Read MoreFamous Actors and Directors in U.K. Part III
Paul Greengrass (born 1955) director and screenwriter. Greengrass was born in Cheam in 1955, studied at Cambridge and initially earned his living as a journalist. From the end of the 1990s his first films appeared, which made Greengrass internationally famous – “Vom Flying and Other Dreams”, “The Bourne Conspiracy” etc. Greengrass has received many awards, e. B. with the Golden Bear at the Berlinale and the Audience Award at the…
Read MoreFamous Actors and Directors in U.K. Part II
Sacha Baron Cohen (born 1971) actor and comedian. Cohen was born in 1971 to a Jewish family in London. Even before his studies in Cambridge, where he joined a theater group, he gained acting experience. Cohen has become internationally known for his role as Borat and Ali G. His artistic work is often time-critical and humorous, close to the threshold of stupid. He has already won a Golden Globe Award…
Read MoreScotland Overview
Scotland – “bagpipes, whiskey, kilts, lochs, the highlands, golf, oatmeal and braveheart” – this is sure to be the usual result of a Scotland brainstorming session. Is Scotland now a country of its own? Does it belong to Great Britain or is it better to speak of the UK? Or can we simplify everything and speak of England? As part of a brief definition of the terms, it can first…
Read MoreThe Most Secret Clubs in Vienna
In addition to the well-known restaurants, there are also a few locations in Vienna that are a bit more secret and exclusive. I once went on a search and found six hidden clubs and bars for you that are definitely worth a visit! Club X, Alice, door 7 – have you ever heard of these locations? If not, you shouldn’t be surprised, because these are probably three of the most…
Read MoreATTRACTIONS OF PARIS
FLIGHTS, ACCOMMODATION AND MOVEMENT IN PARIS The Eiffel Tower is one of the most photographed attractions in the city. Flying from Helsinki to Paris It is easy to travel from Finland to Paris, as there are plenty of flight connections available. Several companies, including Finnair and Norwegian , offer direct connections between Helsinki and Paris. Prices vary seasonally, but at their cheapest you can get flights for around a hundred…
Read MoreDenmark History
Denmark’s history is shaped by different kings, their forms of rule and a long power struggle with Sweden for supremacy in Scandinavia. But give yourself a rough idea of how Denmark’s history went. THE FIRST KINGDOM People are said to have lived in Denmark as early as the Stone Age. The first ancestors of today’s Danes came from what is now southern Sweden to Jutland in the 6th century, where…
Read MoreTravel Destinations in France
Famous sights, delicious food and stunning beaches – fascinating France is a versatile destination! France has a huge amount to see, do and do. European cultural attractions, world-famous art and local elegance are the country’s tourist assets. In addition, the tourist encounters irresistible taste pleasures in France. A bottle of good wine and fresh baguette are authentic French flavors where great gourmet restaurants are. Moving around France In the largest cities,…
Read MoreFlights, Accommodation and Movement in Russia
Russia, the eastern neighbor, is a large country with enough interesting destinations for Finns as well. According to countryaah, Russia, the world’s largest country, is a versatile travel destination right next to Finns. Short for RUS by abbreviationfinder, Russia offers the splendor of tsarist times, echoes of the Soviet past and great cultural experiences, not forgetting delicious food. Handsome mosques are part of Russia. Direct flights to Russia Finland has excellent…
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